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Daniel Hillerström
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@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@
fortunate to have been supervised by him. fortunate to have been supervised by him.
% %
Secondly, I want to extend my gratitude to John Longley, who has Secondly, I want to extend my gratitude to John Longley, who has
been an admirable second supervisor and who has stimulated my been an excellent second supervisor and who has stimulated my
mathematical curiosity. mathematical curiosity.
% %
Thirdly, I want to thank my academic brother Simon Fowler. You have Thirdly, I want to thank my academic brother Simon Fowler. You have
@@ -277,13 +277,13 @@
Thanks to James McKinna for always asking intellectually Thanks to James McKinna for always asking intellectually
interesting, and at times challenging, questions. I have appreciate interesting, and at times challenging, questions. I have appreciate
our many conversations even though I spent days, weeks, sometimes our many conversations even though I spent days, weeks, sometimes
months, and in some extreme cases years to think about answers to months, and in some instances years to think about answers to your
your questions. On the topic of intellectually stimulating questions. On the topic of intellectually stimulating conversations,
conversations, I also want to thank Gordon Plotkin for our I also want to thank Gordon Plotkin for our intriguing impromptu
intriguing impromptu conversations in the level 4 and 5 pantries of conversations in the level 4 and 5 pantries of Informatics
Informatics Forum. Thanks to Brian Campbell and J. Garrett Morris Forum. Thanks to Brian Campbell and J. Garrett Morris for putting up
for putting up with the supervision meetings that I had with Sam in with the supervision meetings that I had with Sam in their shared
their shared office 5.28. office 5.28.
Speaking of offices, I also want to thank my peers from my own Speaking of offices, I also want to thank my peers from my own
office 5.21 for stimulating my general interest in computer science office 5.21 for stimulating my general interest in computer science
@@ -313,6 +313,7 @@
\item Andreas Rossberg \item Andreas Rossberg
\item Jeremy Yallop \item Jeremy Yallop
\item Paul Piho \item Paul Piho
\item Larisa Stoltzfus
\end{itemize} \end{itemize}
\end{acknowledgements} \end{acknowledgements}
@@ -374,24 +375,52 @@ Functional programmers tend to view functions as impenetrable black
boxes, whose outputs are determined entirely by their boxes, whose outputs are determined entirely by their
inputs~\cite{Hughes89}. This is a compelling view which admits a inputs~\cite{Hughes89}. This is a compelling view which admits a
canonical mathematical model of canonical mathematical model of
computation~\cite{Church32,Church41}. Alas, this view does not capture computation~\cite{Church32,Church41}.
the reality of practical programs. In practice functions may perform %
effectful operations such as throwing an exception, referencing Alas, this view does not capture the reality of practical programs,
memory, forking a thread, which may have an observable effect on the which must interact with their environment (i.e. operating system) to
program state~\cite{CartwrightF92}. facilitate file I/O\dots
% Alas, this view does not capture the reality of practical programs, which
% may use a variety of observable computational effects such as
% exceptions, state, concurrency, interactive input/output, and so
% forth.
% %
% Instead a view of function as
Practical programming is in its nature effectful. % Alas, this view does not capture
% the reality of practical programs. In practice a function may perform
% effectful operations such as throwing an exception, referencing
% memory, forking a thread, whose interactions with the function's
% ambient environment are observable~\cite{CartwrightF92}.
%
% Practical programs are inherently effectful as they interact with
% their environment (i.e. operating system) during the extent of their
% evaluation.
Functional programming offers two dominant approaches to programming %
with effects, which \citet{Filinski96} succinctly characterises as % Practical programming is inherently effectfulPractical programming involves programming with \emph{computational
\emph{effects as data} and \emph{effects as behaviour}. % effects}, or simply effects.
control effects can pry open function boundaries which have profound Functional programming offers two distinct, but related, approaches to
implications for the computational expressiveness and efficiency of effectful programming, which \citet{Filinski96} succinctly
characterises as \emph{effects as data} and \emph{effects as
behaviour}. The former uses monads to encapsulate
effects~\cite{Moggi91,Wadler92} which is compelling because it extends
the black box view to effectful functions, though, at the expense of a
change of programming style~\cite{JonesW93}. The latter retains the
usual direct style of programming by way of \emph{first-class
control}, which is a powerful facility that can simulate any
effect~\cite{Filinski94,Filinski96}. First-class control enables the
programmer to manipulate and reify the control state as a first-class
data object known as a continuation~\cite{FriedmanHK84}. First-class
control has the ability pry open function boundaries, which fractures
the black box view of computation. This ability can significantly
improve the computational expressiveness and efficiency of programming
languages~\cite{LongleyN15,HillerstromLL20}.
effect handlers, a recent innovation, effect handlers, a recent innovation,
\citet{Sabry98} %\citet{Sabry98}
% Virtually every useful program performs some computational effects % Virtually every useful program performs some computational effects
% such as exceptions, state, concurrency, nondeterminism, interactive % such as exceptions, state, concurrency, nondeterminism, interactive
% input and output during its execution. % input and output during its execution.