%%
%% Defined-as equality
%%
\newcommand{\defas}[0]{\mathrel{\overset{\makebox[0pt]{\mbox{\normalfont\tiny\text{def}}}}{=}}}
\newcommand{\defnas}[0]{\mathrel{:=}}
\newcommand{\simdefas}[0]{\mathrel{\overset{\makebox[0pt]{\mbox{\normalfont\tiny\text{def}}}}{\simeq}}}

%%
%% Some useful maths abbreviations
%%
\newcommand{\C}{\ensuremath{\mathbb{C}}}
\newcommand{\N}{\ensuremath{\mathbb{N}}}
\newcommand{\Z}{\ensuremath{\mathbb{Z}}}
\newcommand{\B}{\ensuremath{\mathbb{B}}}
\newcommand{\BB}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\CC}{\keyw{C}}
% \newcommand{\Delim}[1]{\ensuremath{\langle\!\!\mkern-1.5mu\langle#1\rangle\!\!\mkern-1.5mu\rangle}}
\newcommand{\Delim}[1]{\ensuremath{\langle#1\rangle}}

%%
%% Partiality
%%
\newcommand{\pto}[0]{\ensuremath{\rightharpoonup}}

%%
%% Operation arrows
%%
\newcommand{\opto}[0]{\ensuremath{\twoheadrightarrow}}

%%
%% Calculi names.
%%
\newcommand{\Links}{Links\xspace}
\newcommand{\CoreLinks}{\ensuremath{\mathsf{CoreLinks}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\BCalc}{\ensuremath{\lambda_{\mathsf{b}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\BCalcRec}{\ensuremath{\lambda_{\mathsf{b}+\mathsf{rec}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\HCalc}{\ensuremath{\lambda_{\mathsf{h}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\SCalc}{\ensuremath{\lambda_{\mathsf{h^\dagger}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\HSCalc}{\ensuremath{\lambda_{\mathsf{h^\delta}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\EffCalc}{\ensuremath{\lambda_{\mathsf{eff}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\UCalc}{\ensuremath{\lambda_{\mathsf{u}}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\param}{\ensuremath{\ddagger}}

%%
%% Calculi terms and types type-setting.
%%
\newcommand{\revto}{\ensuremath{\leftarrow}}

\newcommand{\dec}[1]{\mathsf{#1}}
\newcommand{\keyw}[1]{\mathbf{#1}}
\newcommand{\Handle}{\keyw{handle}}
\newcommand{\ParamHandle}{\Handle^\param}
\newcommand{\ShallowHandle}{\ensuremath{\keyw{handle}^\dagger}}
\newcommand{\With}{\keyw{with}}
\newcommand{\Let}{\keyw{let}}
\newcommand{\Rec}{\keyw{rec}}
\newcommand{\In}{\keyw{in}}
\newcommand{\Do}{\keyw{do}}
\newcommand{\Return}{\keyw{return}}
\newcommand{\Val}{\keyw{val}}
\newcommand{\Case}{\keyw{case}}
\newcommand{\If}{\keyw{if}}
\newcommand{\Then}{\keyw{then}}
\newcommand{\Else}{\keyw{else}}
\newcommand{\Absurd}{\keyw{absurd}}
\newcommand{\Record}[1]{\ensuremath{\langle #1 \rangle}}
\newcommand{\Op}[1]{\ensuremath{\langle\!\!\langle #1 \rangle\!\!\rangle}}
%\newcommand{\Op}[1]{\ensuremath{\{#1\}}}
\newcommand{\OpCase}[3]{\Op{#1~#2 \opto #3}}
\newcommand{\ExnCase}[2]{\Op{#1~#2}}
\newcommand{\Unit}{\Record{}}
\newcommand{\Inl}{\keyw{inl}}
\newcommand{\Inr}{\keyw{inr}}
\newcommand{\Thunk}{\lambda \Unit.}

\newcommand{\Pre}[1]{\mathsf{Pre}(#1)}
\newcommand{\Abs}{\mathsf{Abs}}
\newcommand{\Presence}{\mathsf{Presence}}
\newcommand{\Row}{\mathsf{Row}}
\newcommand{\Type}{\mathsf{Type}}
\newcommand{\Ground}{\mathsf{ground}}

\newcommand{\Comp}{\mathsf{Comp}}
\newcommand{\Effect}{\mathsf{Effect}}
\newcommand{\Handler}{\mathsf{Handler}}

\newcommand{\ZeroType}{0}
\newcommand{\UnitType}{1}
\newcommand{\One}{1}
\newcommand{\Int}{\mathsf{Int}}
\newcommand{\Float}{\mathsf{Float}}
\newcommand{\Bool}{\mathsf{Bool}}
\newcommand{\List}{\mathsf{List}}
\newcommand{\Nat}{\mathsf{Nat}}
\newcommand{\Choose}{\dec{Choose}}
\newcommand{\Count}{\dec{count}}
\newcommand{\GenericSearch}{\dec{genericSearch}}
\newcommand{\Predicate}{\dec{Predicate}}
\newcommand{\Point}{\dec{Point}}
\newcommand{\Branch}{\dec{Branch}}
\newcommand{\Get}{\dec{Get}}
\newcommand{\Put}{\dec{Put}}
\newcommand{\Zero}{\dec{Zero}}
\newcommand{\Fail}{\dec{Fail}}
\newcommand{\Read}{\dec{Read}}
\newcommand{\Write}{\dec{Write}}
\newcommand{\Char}{\dec{Char}}
\newcommand{\String}{\dec{String}}

\newcommand{\True}{\mathsf{true}}
\newcommand{\False}{\mathsf{false}}

\newcommand{\eff}{!}
\newcommand{\typ}[2]{#1 \vdash #2}
\newcommand{\typv}[2]{#1 \vdash #2}
\newcommand{\typc}[3]{#1 \vdash #2 \eff #3}
\newcommand{\Harrow}{\Rightarrow}

\newcommand{\FTV}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{FTV}}}
\newcommand{\FV}{\ensuremath{\mathrm{FV}}}

\newcommand{\reducesto}[0]{\ensuremath{\leadsto}}
\newcommand{\areducesto}{\ensuremath{\reducesto_{\textrm{a}}}}
\newcommand{\stepsto}[0]{\ensuremath{\longrightarrow}}
\newcommand{\Stepsto}{\Longrightarrow}
\newcommand{\EC}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{E}}}

\newcommand{\BL}{\ensuremath{\mathsf{BL}}}

\newcommand{\dom}{\ensuremath{\mathsf{dom}}}

\newcommand{\Res}{\keyw{res}}

%% Handler projections.
\newcommand{\mret}{\mathrm{ret}}
\newcommand{\mops}{\mathrm{ops}}
\newcommand{\hret}{H^{\mret}}
\newcommand{\hval}{\hret}
\newcommand{\hops}{H^{\mops}}
%\newcommand{\hex}{H^{\mathrm{ex}}}
\newcommand{\hell}{H^{\ell}}

\newcommand{\depth}{\delta}

\newcommand{\alertbox}[2]{{\par\noindent\small\color{red} \framebox{\parbox{\dimexpr\linewidth-2\fboxsep-2\fboxrule}{\textbf{#1:} #2}}}}
\newcommand{\todo}[1]{\alertbox{TODO}{#1}}
\newcommand{\dhil}[1]{\alertbox{Daniel}{#1}}

%%
%% Labels
%%
\newcommand{\slab}[1]{\textrm{#1}}
\newcommand{\rulelabel}[2]{\ensuremath{\mathsf{#1\textrm{-}#2}}}
\newcommand{\klab}[1]{\rulelabel{K}{#1}}
\newcommand{\semlab}[1]{\rulelabel{S}{#1}}
\newcommand{\usemlab}[1]{\rulelabel{U}{#1}}
\newcommand{\tylab}[1]{\rulelabel{T}{#1}}
\newcommand{\mlab}[1]{\rulelabel{M}{#1}}
\newcommand{\siglab}[1]{\rulelabel{Sig}{#1}}
\newcommand{\rowlab}[1]{\rulelabel{R}{#1}}

%%
%% Syntactic categories.
%%
\newcommand{\CatName}[1]{\textrm{#1}}
\newcommand{\CompCat}{\CatName{Comp}}
\newcommand{\UCompCat}{\CatName{UComp}}
\newcommand{\UValCat}{\CatName{UVal}}
\newcommand{\SCompCat}{\CatName{SComp}}
\newcommand{\SValCat}{\CatName{SVal}}
\newcommand{\SPatCat}{\CatName{SPat}}
\newcommand{\ValCat}{\CatName{Val}}
\newcommand{\VarCat}{\CatName{Var}}
\newcommand{\ValTypeCat}{\CatName{VType}}
\newcommand{\CompTypeCat}{\CatName{CType}}
\newcommand{\HandlerTypeCat}{\CatName{HType}}
\newcommand{\PresenceCat}{\CatName{Presence}}
\newcommand{\TypeCat}{\CatName{Type}}
\newcommand{\TyVarCat}{\CatName{TVar}}
\newcommand{\KindCat}{\CatName{Kind}}
\newcommand{\RowCat}{\CatName{Row}}
\newcommand{\EffectCat}{\CatName{Effect}}
\newcommand{\TermCat}{\CatName{Term}}
\newcommand{\LabelCat}{\CatName{Label}}
\newcommand{\TyEnvCat}{\CatName{TyEnv}}
\newcommand{\KindEnvCat}{\CatName{KindEnv}}
\newcommand{\EvalCat}{\CatName{Cont}}
\newcommand{\UEvalCat}{\CatName{UCont}}
\newcommand{\HandlerCat}{\CatName{HDef}}

%%
%% Lindley's array stuff.
%%
\newcommand{\ba}{\begin{array}}
\newcommand{\ea}{\end{array}}

\newcommand{\bl}{\ba[t]{@{}l@{}}}
\newcommand{\el}{\ea}


%%
%% Lindley's syntax, reductions, equations, and derivation environments.
%%
\newenvironment{syntax}{\[\ba{@{}l@{\quad}r@{~}c@{~}l@{}}}{\ea\]\ignorespacesafterend}
\newenvironment{reductions}{\[\ba{@{}l@{\qquad}@{}r@{~~}c@{~~}l@{}}}{\ea\]\ignorespacesafterend}

\newenvironment{eqs}{\ba{@{}r@{~}c@{~}l@{}}}{\ea}
\newenvironment{equations}{\[\ba{@{}r@{~}c@{~}l@{}}}{\ea\]\ignorespacesafterend}
\newcommand\numberthis{\addtocounter{equation}{1}\tag{$\ast$\theequation}} % Numbering equations
\newenvironment{derivation}{\begin{displaymath}\ba{@{}r@{~}l@{}}}{\ea\end{displaymath}\ignorespacesafterend}
\newcommand{\reason}[1]{\quad (\text{#1})}


\newenvironment{smathpar}{\vspace{-3ex}\small\begin{mathpar}}{\end{mathpar}\normalsize\ignorespacesafterend}

%%
%% Lists
%%
\newcommand{\nil}{\ensuremath{[]}}
\newcommand{\cons}{\ensuremath{::}}

\newcommand{\concat}{\mathbin{+\!\!+}}
\newcommand{\revconcat}{\mathbin{\widehat{\concat}}}

%%
%% CPS notation
%%
% static / dynamic stuff
\newcommand{\scol}[1]{{\color{blue}#1}}
\newcommand{\dcol}[1]{{\color{red}#1}}

\newcommand{\static}[1]{\scol{\overline{#1}}}
\newcommand{\dynamic}[1]{\dcol{\underline{#1}}}
\newcommand{\nary}[1]{\overline{#1}}

\newcommand{\slam}{\static{\lambda}}
\newcommand{\dlam}{\dynamic{\lambda}}
\newcommand{\sapp}{\mathbin{\static{@}}}
\newcommand{\dapp}{\mathbin{\dynamic{@}}}

\newcommand{\reify}{\mathord{\downarrow}}
\newcommand{\reflect}{\mathord{\uparrow}}

\newcommand{\scons}{\mathbin{\static{\cons}}}
\newcommand{\dcons}{\mathbin{\dynamic{\cons}}}

\newcommand{\snil}{\static{\nil}}
\newcommand{\dnil}{\dynamic{\nil}}

\newcommand{\sRecord}[1]{\static{\langle}#1\static{\rangle}}
\newcommand{\dRecord}[1]{\dynamic{\langle}#1\dynamic{\rangle}}

\newcommand{\sQ}{\mathcal{Q}}
\newcommand{\sV}{\mathcal{V}}
\newcommand{\sW}{\mathcal{W}}

\newcommand{\sM}{\mathcal{M}}
\renewcommand{\snil}{\reflect \dnil}

\newcommand{\cps}[1]{\ensuremath{\llbracket #1 \rrbracket}}
\newcommand{\pcps}[1]{\top\cps{#1}}

\newcommand{\hforward}{M_{\textrm{forward}}}
\newcommand{\hid}{V_{\textrm{id}}}

% continuation application
\newcommand{\kapp}{\keyw{app}}

%%% Continuation names
%%% The following set of macros are a bit more consistent with those
%%% currently used by the abstract machine, and don't use the plural
%%% convention of functional programming.

% dynamic
\newcommand{\dlf}{f}    % let frames
\newcommand{\dlk}{fs}   % let continuations
\newcommand{\dhf}{q}    % handler frames
\newcommand{\dhk}{ks}    % handler continuations
\newcommand{\dhkr}{rs}  % reverse handler continuations
\newcommand{\dLet}{\dynamic{\Let}}
\newcommand{\dIn}{\dynamic{\In}}

% static
\newcommand{\slf}{\phi}    % let frames
\newcommand{\slk}{\sigma}  % let continuations
\newcommand{\shf}{\theta}  % handler frames
\newcommand{\shk}{\kappa}  % handler continuations
\newcommand{\sLet}{\static{\Let}}
\newcommand{\sIn}{\static{\In}}
% \newcommand{\sk}{\kappa}
% \newcommand{\sks}{\mathit{\kappa s}}
\newcommand{\sks}{\kappa}
% \newcommand{\sh}{\eta}
\newcommand{\sk}{\theta}
\newcommand{\sh}{\chi}
\newcommand{\sx}{\varepsilon}

\newcommand{\sP}{\mathcal{P}}
\newcommand{\VS}{VS}
\newcommand{\Vmap}{\keyw{vmap}}
\newcommand{\Vmapsnd}{\keyw{vmapsnd}}
\newcommand{\Fun}{\keyw{fun}}

% Canonical variables for handler components
\newcommand{\vhret}{h^{\mret}}
\newcommand{\vhops}{h^{\mops}}
\newcommand{\svhret}{\chi^{\mret}}
\newcommand{\svhops}{\chi^{\mops}}

% \newcommand{\dk}{\dRecord{fs,\dRecord{\vhret,\vhops}}}
\newcommand{\dk}{k}

%
\renewcommand{\hid}{V_{\mops}}
\newcommand{\kid}{V_\mathrm{id}}
\newcommand{\rid}{V_{\mret}}

% Examples
\newcommand{\Pipe}{\dec{pipe}}
\newcommand{\Copipe}{\dec{copipe}}
\newcommand{\Ones}{\dec{ones}}
\newcommand{\Yield}{\dec{Yield}}
\newcommand{\Await}{\dec{Await}}
\newcommand{\AddTwo}{\ensuremath{\dec{add}_2}}
\newcommand{\Option}{\dec{Option}}
\newcommand{\Some}{\dec{Some}}
\newcommand{\None}{\dec{None}}
\newcommand{\Exn}{\dec{Exn}}
\newcommand{\fail}{\dec{fail}}
\newcommand{\optionalise}{\dec{optionalise}}
\newcommand{\bind}{\ensuremath{\gg\!=}}
\newcommand{\return}{\dec{return}}
\newcommand{\faild}{\dec{withDefault}}

% Abstract machine
\newcommand{\cek}[1]{\ensuremath{\langle #1 \rangle}}
% Environments
\newcommand{\env}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}
% restrict an environment
\newcommand{\res}{\backslash}

% abstract machine translations
\newcommand{\val}[2]{\llbracket #1 \rrbracket #2}
\newcommand{\inv}[1]{\llparenthesis #1 \rrparenthesis}

% configurations
\newcommand{\conf}{\mathcal{C}}

% UNIX example
\newcommand{\UNIX}{UNIX}
\newcommand{\OSname}[0]{Tiny UNIX}
\newcommand{\exit}{\dec{exit}}
\newcommand{\Exit}{\dec{Exit}}
\newcommand{\Status}{\dec{Status}}
\newcommand{\status}{\dec{status}}
\newcommand{\basicIO}{\dec{basicIO}}
\newcommand{\Putc}{\dec{Putc}}
\newcommand{\putc}{\dec{putc}}
\newcommand{\UFile}{\dec{File}}
\newcommand{\UFD}{\dec{INumber}}
\newcommand{\fwrite}{\dec{fwrite}}
\newcommand{\iter}{\dec{iter}}
\newcommand{\stdout}{\dec{stdout}}
\newcommand{\IO}{\dec{IO}}
\newcommand{\BIO}{\dec{BIO}}
\newcommand{\Alice}{\dec{Alice}}
\newcommand{\Bob}{\dec{Bob}}
\newcommand{\Root}{\dec{Root}}
\newcommand{\User}{\dec{User}}
\newcommand{\environment}{\dec{env}}
\newcommand{\EnvE}{\dec{Session}}
\newcommand{\Ask}{\dec{Ask}}
\newcommand{\whoami}{\dec{whoami}}
\newcommand{\Su}{\dec{Su}}
\newcommand{\su}{\dec{su}}
\newcommand{\sessionmgr}{\dec{sessionmgr}}
\newcommand{\echo}{\dec{echo}}
\newcommand{\strlit}[1]{\texttt{"#1"}}
\newcommand{\nondet}{\dec{nondet}}
\newcommand{\Fork}{\dec{Fork}}
\newcommand{\fork}{\dec{fork}}
\newcommand{\Interrupt}{\dec{Interrupt}}
\newcommand{\interrupt}{\dec{interrupt}}
\newcommand{\Pstate}{\dec{Pstate}}
\newcommand{\Done}{\dec{Done}}
\newcommand{\Suspended}{\dec{Paused}}
\newcommand{\slice}{\dec{slice}}
\newcommand{\reifyP}{\dec{reifyProcess}}
\newcommand{\timeshare}{\dec{timeshare}}
\newcommand{\runNext}{\dec{runNext}}
\newcommand{\concatMap}{\dec{concatMap}}
\newcommand{\State}{\dec{State}}
\newcommand{\runState}{\dec{runState}}
\newcommand{\Uget}{\dec{get}}
\newcommand{\Uput}{\dec{put}}
\newcommand{\nl}{\textbackslash{}n}
\newcommand{\quoteRitchie}{\dec{ritchie}}
\newcommand{\quoteHamlet}{\dec{hamlet}}
\newcommand{\Proc}{\dec{Proc}}
\newcommand{\schedule}{\dec{schedule}}
\newcommand{\fsname}{BSFS}
\newcommand{\FileSystem}{\dec{FileSystem}}
\newcommand{\Directory}{\dec{Directory}}
\newcommand{\DataRegion}{\dec{DataRegion}}
\newcommand{\INode}{\dec{INode}}
\newcommand{\IList}{\dec{IList}}
\newcommand{\fileRW}{\dec{fileRW}}
\newcommand{\fileAlloc}{\dec{fileCO}}
\newcommand{\URead}{\dec{Read}}
\newcommand{\UWrite}{\dec{Write}}
\newcommand{\UCreate}{\dec{Create}}
\newcommand{\UOpen}{\dec{Open}}
\newcommand{\fread}{\dec{fread}}
\newcommand{\fcreate}{\dec{fcreate}}
\newcommand{\Ucreate}{\dec{create}}
\newcommand{\redirect}{\texttt{>}}
\newcommand{\fopen}{\dec{fopen}}
\newcommand{\lookup}{\dec{lookup}}
\newcommand{\modify}{\dec{modify}}
\newcommand{\fileIO}{\dec{fileIO}}

%%
%% Some control operators
%%
\newcommand{\Cupto}{\keyw{cupto}}
\newcommand{\Callcc}{\keyw{callcc}}
\newcommand{\Throw}{\keyw{throw}}
\newcommand{\Catch}{\keyw{catch}}
\newcommand{\Catchcont}{\keyw{catchcont}}
\newcommand{\shift}{\keyw{shift}}
\newcommand{\reset}{\keyw{reset}}
\newcommand{\Control}{\keyw{control}}
\newcommand{\Prompt}{\keyw{prompt}}
\newcommand{\Escape}{\keyw{escape}}