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Update README to reflect the structure of the revised thesis.
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README.md
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# Foundations for programming and implementing effect handlers
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**NOTE** I have made a draft copy of the dissertation available in
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this repository. I ask that you **do not** link to or distribute the
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draft anywhere, because I will delete the file once the final revision
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has been submitted after the viva. I will make the final revision
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publicly available at a stable link.
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A copy of my dissertation can be [downloaded via my
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website](https://dhil.net/research/papers/thesis.pdf).
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---
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----
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Submitted May 30, 2021. Viva August 13, 2021.
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Submitted on May 30, 2021. Examined on August 13, 2021.
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The board of examiners consists of
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The board of examiners were
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* [Andrew Kennedy](https://github.com/andrewjkennedy) (Facebook London)
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* [Edwin Brady](https://www.type-driven.org.uk/edwinb/) (University of St Andrews)
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@@ -30,77 +27,76 @@ The dissertation is structured as follows.
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and contributions of the dissertation, and discusses some related
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work.
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### Background
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* Chapter 2 defines some basic mathematical notation and
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constructions that are they pervasively throughout this dissertation.
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* Chapter 3 presents a literature survey of continuations and
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first-class control. I classify continuations according to their
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operational behaviour and provide an overview of the various
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first-class sequential control operators that appear in the
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literature. The application spectrum of continuations is discussed as
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well as implementation strategies for first-class control.
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### Programming
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* Chapter 4 introduces a polymorphic fine-grain call-by-value core
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calculus, λ<sub>b</sub>, which makes key use of Remy-style row polymorphism
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to implement polymorphic variants, structural records, and a
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structural effect system. The calculus distils the essence of the core
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of the Links programming language.
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* Chapter 2 illustrates effect handler oriented programming by
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example by implementing a small operating system dubbed Tiny UNIX,
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which captures some essential traits of Ritchie and Thompson's
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UNIX. The implementation starts with a basic notion of file i/o,
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and then, it evolves into a feature-rich operating system with full
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file i/o, multiple user environments, multi-tasking, and more, by
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composing ever more effect handlers.
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* Chapter 5 presents three extensions of λ<sub>b</sub>,
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which are λ<sub>h</sub> that adds deep handlers, λ<sup>†</sup> that adds shallow
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handlers, and λ<sup>‡</sup> that adds parameterised handlers. The chapter
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also contains a running case study that demonstrates effect handler
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oriented programming in practice by implementing a small operating
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system dubbed Tiny UNIX based on Ritchie and Thompson's original
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UNIX.
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* Chapter 3 introduces a polymorphic fine-grain call-by-value core
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calculus, λ<sub>b</sub>, which makes key use of Rémy-style row
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polymorphism to implement polymorphic variants, structural records,
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and a structural effect system. The calculus distils the essence of
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the core of the Links programming language. The chapter also
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presents three extensions of λ<sub>b</sub>, which are λ<sub>h</sub>
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that adds deep handlers, λ<sup>†</sup> that adds shallow handlers,
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and λ<sup>‡</sup> that adds parameterised handlers.
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### Implementation
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* Chapter 6 develops a higher-order continuation passing
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style translation for effect handlers through a series of step-wise
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refinements of an initial standard continuation passing style
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translation for λ<sub>b</sub>. Each refinement slightly modifies the notion
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of continuation employed by the translation. The development
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ultimately leads to the key invention of generalised continuation,
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which is used to give a continuation passing style semantics to deep,
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shallow, and parameterised handlers.
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* Chapter 4 develops a higher-order continuation passing style
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translation for effect handlers through a series of step-wise
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refinements of an initial standard continuation passing style
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translation for λ<sub>b</sub>. Each refinement slightly modifies
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the notion of continuation employed by the translation. The
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development ultimately leads to the key invention of generalised
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continuation, which is used to give a continuation passing style
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semantics to deep, shallow, and parameterised handlers.
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* Chapter 7 demonstrates an application of generalised continuations
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to abstract machine as we plug generalised continuations into
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Felleisen and Friedman's CEK machine to obtain an adequate abstract
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runtime with simultaneous support for deep, shallow, and parameterised
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handlers.
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* Chapter 5 demonstrates an application of generalised continuations
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to abstract machine as we plug generalised continuations into
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Felleisen and Friedman's CEK machine to obtain an adequate abstract
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runtime with simultaneous support for deep, shallow, and
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parameterised handlers.
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### Expressiveness
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* Chapter 8 shows that deep, shallow, and parameterised notions of
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handlers can simulate one another up to specific notions of
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administrative reduction.
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* Chapter 9 studies the fundamental efficiency of effect handlers. In
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this chapter, we show that effect handlers enable an asymptotic
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improvement in runtime complexity for a certain class of
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functions. Specifically, we consider the *generic count* problem using
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a pure PCF-like base language λ<sub>b</sub><sup>→</sup> (a simply typed variation of
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λ<sub>b</sub>) and its extension with effect handlers λ<sub>h</sub><sup>→</sup>. We
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show that λ<sub>h</sub><sup>→</sup> admits an asymptotically more efficient
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implementation of generic count than any λ<sub>b</sub><sup>→</sup> implementation.
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* Chapter 6 shows that deep, shallow, and parameterised notions of
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handlers can simulate one another up to specific notions of
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administrative reduction.
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* Chapter 7 studies the fundamental efficiency of effect handlers. In
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this chapter, we show that effect handlers enable an asymptotic
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improvement in runtime complexity for a certain class of
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functions. Specifically, we consider the *generic count* problem
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using a pure PCF-like base language λ<sub>b</sub><sup>→</sup> (a
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simply typed variation of λ<sub>b</sub>) and its extension with
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effect handlers λ<sub>h</sub><sup>→</sup>. We show that
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λ<sub>h</sub><sup>→</sup> admits an asymptotically more efficient
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implementation of generic count than any λ<sub>b</sub><sup>→</sup>
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implementation.
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### Conclusions
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* Chapter 10 concludes and discusses future work.
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* Chapter 8 concludes and discusses future work.
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### Appendices
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* Appendix A contains a proof that shows the `Get-get` equation for
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state is redundant.
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* Appendix B contains the proof details for the higher-order
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uncurried CPS translation for deep and shallow handlers.
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* Appendix C contains the proof details and gadgetry for the
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complexity of the effectful generic count program.
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* Appendix D provides a sample implementation of the Berger count
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program and discusses it in more detail.
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* Appendix A contains a literature survey of continuations and
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first-class control. I classify continuations according to their
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operational behaviour and provide an overview of the various
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first-class sequential control operators that appear in the
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literature. The application spectrum of continuations is discussed
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as well as implementation strategies for first-class control.
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* Appendix B contains a proof that shows the `Get-get` equation for
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state is redundant.
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* Appendix C contains the proof details and gadgetry for the
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complexity of the effectful generic count program.
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* Appendix D provides a sample implementation of the Berger count
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program and discusses it in more detail.
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## Building
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@@ -114,3 +110,10 @@ e.g.
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$ make
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```
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## Timeline
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I submitted my thesis on May 30, 2021. It was examined on August 13,
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2021, where I received pass with minor corrections. The revised thesis
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was submitted on December 22, 2021. It was approved on March
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14, 2022. The final revision was submitted on March 23, 2022. I
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received my PhD award letter on March 24, 2022.
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