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Update README to reflect the structure of the revised thesis.
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Daniel Hillerström 4 years ago
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README.md

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# Foundations for programming and implementing effect handlers
**NOTE** I have made a draft copy of the dissertation available in
this repository. I ask that you **do not** link to or distribute the
draft anywhere, because I will delete the file once the final revision
has been submitted after the viva. I will make the final revision
publicly available at a stable link.
A copy of my dissertation can be [downloaded via my
website](https://dhil.net/research/papers/thesis.pdf).
---
----
Submitted May 30, 2021. Viva August 13, 2021.
Submitted on May 30, 2021. Examined on August 13, 2021.
The board of examiners consists of
The board of examiners were
* [Andrew Kennedy](https://github.com/andrewjkennedy) (Facebook London)
* [Edwin Brady](https://www.type-driven.org.uk/edwinb/) (University of St Andrews)
@ -30,73 +27,72 @@ The dissertation is structured as follows.
and contributions of the dissertation, and discusses some related
work.
### Background
* Chapter 2 defines some basic mathematical notation and
constructions that are they pervasively throughout this dissertation.
* Chapter 3 presents a literature survey of continuations and
first-class control. I classify continuations according to their
operational behaviour and provide an overview of the various
first-class sequential control operators that appear in the
literature. The application spectrum of continuations is discussed as
well as implementation strategies for first-class control.
### Programming
* Chapter 4 introduces a polymorphic fine-grain call-by-value core
calculus, λ<sub>b</sub>, which makes key use of Remy-style row polymorphism
to implement polymorphic variants, structural records, and a
structural effect system. The calculus distils the essence of the core
of the Links programming language.
* Chapter 5 presents three extensions of λ<sub>b</sub>,
which are λ<sub>h</sub> that adds deep handlers, λ<sup></sup> that adds shallow
handlers, and λ<sup></sup> that adds parameterised handlers. The chapter
also contains a running case study that demonstrates effect handler
oriented programming in practice by implementing a small operating
system dubbed Tiny UNIX based on Ritchie and Thompson's original
UNIX.
* Chapter 2 illustrates effect handler oriented programming by
example by implementing a small operating system dubbed Tiny UNIX,
which captures some essential traits of Ritchie and Thompson's
UNIX. The implementation starts with a basic notion of file i/o,
and then, it evolves into a feature-rich operating system with full
file i/o, multiple user environments, multi-tasking, and more, by
composing ever more effect handlers.
* Chapter 3 introduces a polymorphic fine-grain call-by-value core
calculus, λ<sub>b</sub>, which makes key use of Rémy-style row
polymorphism to implement polymorphic variants, structural records,
and a structural effect system. The calculus distils the essence of
the core of the Links programming language. The chapter also
presents three extensions of λ<sub>b</sub>, which are λ<sub>h</sub>
that adds deep handlers, λ<sup></sup> that adds shallow handlers,
and λ<sup></sup> that adds parameterised handlers.
### Implementation
* Chapter 6 develops a higher-order continuation passing
style translation for effect handlers through a series of step-wise
refinements of an initial standard continuation passing style
translation for λ<sub>b</sub>. Each refinement slightly modifies the notion
of continuation employed by the translation. The development
ultimately leads to the key invention of generalised continuation,
which is used to give a continuation passing style semantics to deep,
shallow, and parameterised handlers.
* Chapter 7 demonstrates an application of generalised continuations
to abstract machine as we plug generalised continuations into
Felleisen and Friedman's CEK machine to obtain an adequate abstract
runtime with simultaneous support for deep, shallow, and parameterised
handlers.
* Chapter 4 develops a higher-order continuation passing style
translation for effect handlers through a series of step-wise
refinements of an initial standard continuation passing style
translation for λ<sub>b</sub>. Each refinement slightly modifies
the notion of continuation employed by the translation. The
development ultimately leads to the key invention of generalised
continuation, which is used to give a continuation passing style
semantics to deep, shallow, and parameterised handlers.
* Chapter 5 demonstrates an application of generalised continuations
to abstract machine as we plug generalised continuations into
Felleisen and Friedman's CEK machine to obtain an adequate abstract
runtime with simultaneous support for deep, shallow, and
parameterised handlers.
### Expressiveness
* Chapter 8 shows that deep, shallow, and parameterised notions of
handlers can simulate one another up to specific notions of
administrative reduction.
* Chapter 9 studies the fundamental efficiency of effect handlers. In
this chapter, we show that effect handlers enable an asymptotic
improvement in runtime complexity for a certain class of
functions. Specifically, we consider the *generic count* problem using
a pure PCF-like base language λ<sub>b</sub><sup></sup> (a simply typed variation of
λ<sub>b</sub>) and its extension with effect handlers λ<sub>h</sub><sup></sup>. We
show that λ<sub>h</sub><sup></sup> admits an asymptotically more efficient
implementation of generic count than any λ<sub>b</sub><sup></sup> implementation.
* Chapter 6 shows that deep, shallow, and parameterised notions of
handlers can simulate one another up to specific notions of
administrative reduction.
* Chapter 7 studies the fundamental efficiency of effect handlers. In
this chapter, we show that effect handlers enable an asymptotic
improvement in runtime complexity for a certain class of
functions. Specifically, we consider the *generic count* problem
using a pure PCF-like base language λ<sub>b</sub><sup></sup> (a
simply typed variation of λ<sub>b</sub>) and its extension with
effect handlers λ<sub>h</sub><sup></sup>. We show that
λ<sub>h</sub><sup></sup> admits an asymptotically more efficient
implementation of generic count than any λ<sub>b</sub><sup></sup>
implementation.
### Conclusions
* Chapter 10 concludes and discusses future work.
* Chapter 8 concludes and discusses future work.
### Appendices
* Appendix A contains a proof that shows the `Get-get` equation for
* Appendix A contains a literature survey of continuations and
first-class control. I classify continuations according to their
operational behaviour and provide an overview of the various
first-class sequential control operators that appear in the
literature. The application spectrum of continuations is discussed
as well as implementation strategies for first-class control.
* Appendix B contains a proof that shows the `Get-get` equation for
state is redundant.
* Appendix B contains the proof details for the higher-order
uncurried CPS translation for deep and shallow handlers.
* Appendix C contains the proof details and gadgetry for the
complexity of the effectful generic count program.
* Appendix D provides a sample implementation of the Berger count
@ -114,3 +110,10 @@ e.g.
$ make
```
## Timeline
I submitted my thesis on May 30, 2021. It was examined on August 13,
2021, where I received pass with minor corrections. The revised thesis
was submitted on December 22, 2021. It was approved on March
14, 2022. The final revision was submitted on March 23, 2022. I
received my PhD award letter on March 24, 2022.

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